리틀팍스

was/were (be동사의 과거)

• '우리 말로 '~이다. ~입니다.' 에 해당하는 말로, 영어에서는 ‘am,’ ‘are,’ ‘is’ 를 be동사라고 부른다고 했습니다.
  이번에는 우리말로 '~이었다. ~이었습니다.' 에 해당하는 was/were을 배워 보겠습니다.

• 주어	be동사의 현재	be동사의 과거
  I	am	was
  He/ She/ It	is
  You/ We/ They	are	were

• 현재	과거
  I am a student. (나는 학생입니다.)	I was a student. (나는 학생이었습니다.)
  He is a student.	He was a student.
  You are a student.	You were a student.

• 위에서 보는 것처럼 am과 is의 과거는 was로 are는 were로 바꾸기만 하면 됩니다.
• 아래의 표를 보고 구체적으로 be동사 과거의 긍정문, 부정문, 의문문을 익혀 두시기 바랍니다.
  

  be동사 과거

  긍정문	부정문		의문문
  	기본 형태	줄인 형태
  I was	I was not	I wasn't	Was I ~?
  You were	You were not	You weren't	Were you ~?
  He was	He was not	He wasn't	Was he ~?
  She was	She was not	She wasn't	Was she ~?
  It was	It was not	It wasn't	Was it ~?
  We were	We were not	We weren't	Were we ~?
  You were	You were not	You weren't	Were you ~?
  They were	They were not	They weren't	Were they ~?

• • I [ He / She ] was a student.
  • I [ He / She ] was not a student. = I [ He / She ] wasn't a student.
  • Was I [ he / she ] a student?
  
  
  • We [ You / They ] were students.
  • We [ You / They ] were not students. = We [ You / They ] weren't students.
  • Were we [ you / they ] students?

일반동사의 과거

• 일반동사의 과거도 be동사 과거처럼 몇 가지 규칙을 알고 나면 쉽게 익힐 수 있습니다.
  일반동사의 과거형은 보통 주어에 관계없이 동사원형에 -ed를 붙이면 되고, 부정문과 의문문에서는 do나 does 대신 did를 쓰면 됩니다.

• 일반동사의 과거

  주어	일반동사의 현재	일반동사의 과거
  I/ You/ We/ They	work	worked
  He/ She/ It	works

• 현재	과거
  I work. (나는 일을 합니다.)	I worked. (나는 일을 했습니다.)
  He works.	He worked.
  I do not work.	I did not work.
  He does not work.	He did not work.

• 아래 표를 통해 일반동사 과거의 긍정문, 부정문, 의문문을 익혀 두시기 바랍니다.

  긍정문	부정문		의문문
  	기본 형태	줄인 형태
  I worked	I did not work	I didn't work	Did I work ~?
  You worked	You did not work	You didn't work	Did you work ~?
  He worked	He did not work	He didn't work	Did he work ~?
  She worked	She did not work	She didn't work	Did she work ~?
  It worked	It did not work	It didn't work	Did it work ~?
  We worked	We did not work	We didn't work	Did we work ~?
  You worked	You did not work	You didn't work	Did you work ~?
  They worked	They did not work	They didn't work	Did they work ~?

• • I liked apples. (나는 사과를 좋아했다.)
  • I did not (또는 didn't) like apples. (나는 사과를 좋아하지 않았다.)
  • Did you like apples? (너는 사과를 좋아했느냐?)
• 위에서 일반동사의 과거는 동사원형에 '-ed'를 붙인다고 했습니다.
  그러나 이 것 외에도 아래 표에서 보는 바와 같이 'd' 또는 'ied'를 붙이거나, 전혀 다른 형태로 변화하는 예외의 경우가 있습니다.

  1	동사 끝이 'e'로 끝나면 'ed'를 붙이지 않고 'd'만 붙이면 됩니다. 현재 과거 love loved like liked move moved love (사랑하다), like (좋아하다), move (움직이다)
  2	동사의 끝이 '단모음 + 단자음'으로 끝나면, 자음 하나를 더 쓰고, 'ed'를 붙입니다. 현재 과거 stop stopped plan planned admit admitted stop (중지하다), plan (계획하다), admit (인정하다) 그러나 visit (방문하다) 의 과거는 visited입니다. (visitted가 아님. 단모음+ 단자음으로 끝나는 경우에도 visit 처럼액센트가 앞에 오는 경우에는 자음을 하나 더 쓰지 않습니다. admit 처럼 액센트가 뒤에 오는 경우에만 자음 하나를 더 붙입니다. 예: prefer (더 좋아하다) ⇒ preferred
  3	동사의 끝이 '자음 + y' 로 끝나는 동사는 y 를 i 로 고치고 'ed'를 붙입니다. 현재 과거 study studied cry cried carry carried study (공부하다), cry (울다), carry (운반하다) 그러나 play (놀다) 의 과거는 played입니다. (plaied가 아님. 모음 + y로 끝나는 경우에는 그냥 'ed'만 붙입니다.)
  4	동사의 현재형과 과거형이 같은 것 현재 과거 put put cut cut let let put (놓다), cut (자르다), let (~을 하게하다)
  5	규칙적으로 변하지 않는 것 현재 과거 have/has had go went come came find found say said have (가지고 있다), go (가다), come (오다), find (발견하다), say (말하다)